What are 4 ways enzymes can lower activation energy? What are four mechanisms which enzymes use to lower activation energy? Helping substrates get together. Enzymes can accelerate reactions in several ways, all of which lower the activation energy. Enzyme structure and mechanism. Suzuki H (2015). How Enzymes Work. ![]() Please read our and before posting • Answer questions with accurate, in-depth explanations, • Upvote on-topic answers supported by reputable sources and scientific research • Downvote anecdotes, speculation, and jokes • Report comments that do not meet our, including • Be civil: and follow Features • •: Outstanding posts recognized by the mod team •: Archives of AskAnything Wednesday, FAQ Fridays, and more! The common explanation involves stabilization of the transition state - as per this. Basically, reactions occur with some mechanism, usually involving an unfavourable/unstable transition state - the big 'hump' in the energy diagram. Enzyme's active site usually stabilizes the transition state - via at all the right places. Enzymes also bind to the substrate (and product). This increases the local concentration of species, thus increasing reaction rate. In free solution reactions can only happen when molecules bump into each other. Enzymes not only 'hang onto' a substrate, they do it in a particular configuration that puts the reactive sites near each other. Enzymes also have residues that can aid in proton donation, catalyzing reactions that depend on proton transfer. Other mechanisms involve the, where the initial configuration of the reaction center is already distorted. This raises the energy level of the reactants. ![]() Since the energy of the transition state remains unchanged, the activation energy - defined as the difference in energy of the transition state and the reactants - is decreased. In short, there are many ways enzymes do this. Some via enthalpy, others via entropy. ![]()
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